Seasonal dynamics of rotifer community in relation to water quality at Pravara-Godavari river confluence (Ahmednagar, MS, India)

Abstract

This study reports the diversity, abundance, and seasonal dynamics of the rotifer community in the Pravara-Godavari river confluence, Ahmednagar, throughout a year, from November 2024 to October 2025. Seasonal sampling was conducted to assess rotifer species composition and density, and to measure key physicochemical water parameters, including temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, alkalinity, hardness, and chloride. A total of 19 rotifer species, representing 4 genera and 3 families, were recorded in the study area. Strong temporal variation in population structure was indicated by the rotifer community’s noticeable seasonal variations in both species richness and density. The summer period recorded the highest rotifer diversity and abundance. At the same time, the monsoon season had the lowest values, perhaps due to a dilution effect, increased water turbulence, and altered habitat stability. Furthermore, correlation analysis showed that important physicochemical parameters such as pH, water temperature, turbidity, alkalinity, total hardness, chloride concentration, and dissolved oxygen had a significant impact on rotifer species richness. These results demonstrate that even small changes in water quality can significantly impact the composition of rotifer communities. Overall, the study highlights rotifers’ sensitivity to environmental factors and underscores their value as reliable bioindicators for evaluating freshwater ecosystems.